Influence of Pluronic coating formulation on iron oxide nanoparticle transport in natural and oil-impacted sandy aquifer media

Targeted delivery of nanoparticles has the potential to enhance remediation and characterization of sites contaminated with non-aqueous phase liquids (NAPLs) by ensuring delivery of treatment or contrast agents to the NAPL/water interface. For a targeted delivery technique to be successful, nanoparticles must be capable of transporting through porous media and binding to NAPLs under relevant geological conditions. In this study, successful targeted delivery of nanoparticles to sandy aquifer material mixed with crude oil was achieved using an active targeting technique based on an amphiphilic polymer coating. It was determined that the molecular structure and concentration of the nanoparticle coating greatly influenced the recovery of nanoparticles injected into saturated columns. Coatings with longer polymer molecules and lower polymer concentrations reduced recovery, and the nanoparticle coating formulation could be adjusted to improve transport while maintaining targeted binding behaviour. This study demonstrated that nanoparticle retention in oil-impacted sand exceeded that of clean sand in flow through experiments, indicating that a nanoparticle targeted delivery strategy for soil contaminated with LNAPLs such as crude oil is possible under the experimental conditions explored.     

Recycling von marinen Sekundärrohstoffen

As a waste product, oyster shells pose a major environmental pollution problem and the reuse of the material is becoming increasingly important. Since the comminution process in the recycling of secondary raw materials defines the properties of the material, oyster shells were grinded using a planetary ball mill and an impact mill and the fractions obtained were analyzed in terms of size and shape and compared with each other. A comminuted material from the impact mill was used for a series of wetting experiments, which helped to demonstrate the surface free energy of the material.     

草地退化对土壤理化性质的影响

文章以张家川县不同退化程度草地为研究对象,探讨草地退化对土壤理化性质的影响。结果显示:土壤密度和含水量均随着草地退化程度的增加而下降,有机碳和速效磷则随着草地退化程度增加呈现出先上升后下降的趋势。同时,不同退化程度的草地0~2.5 cm层土壤全氮和全磷含量基本均高于深层,土壤全钾含量在2.5~5 cm层高于其他层。总之,草地退化影响着土壤理化性质。     

不同堆置状态粗粒土剪切强度试验研究

为研究不同堆置条件下排土场粗粒土的力学响应规律, 开展了终排土体固结排水三轴压缩试验和在排土体快剪试验。研究结果表明, 土体固结排水三轴压缩应力-应变曲线呈现先弹性后屈服再弱硬化的规律, 体积-应变曲线有拐点, 低围压时先剪缩后剪胀, 高围压时以剪缩为主。在排土体快剪试验具有峰值强度, 100~400 kPa时, 峰值强度出现在剪切位移20%~30%之间, 且剪应力-位移曲线呈弱化趋势; 600~1 200 kPa时, 峰值强度出现在剪切位移30%~40%, 随剪切位移增加, 土体抗剪强度基本保持恒定或略有增大。不同堆置状态排土体抗剪强度参数取值各不相同。     

多绳摩擦式提升机天轮轴瓦结构改进研究

针对宝雨山矿副井天轮在使用过程中存在异常响声和轴瓦固定螺栓损坏的问题,提出了轴瓦改进方案。通过对目前在用多绳摩擦式提升机天轮的结构、运行原理分析,将两瓣轴瓦结构改为整体轴瓦结构,增加轴瓦固定螺栓数量,改进轴瓦润滑油槽,将螺旋油槽改为纵横相交的油槽,同时增加了油槽深度,轴瓦在安装时增加了限位块。利用对天轮返厂大修的机会更换了改进后的新型轴瓦,通过1年多的使用发现,更换的新型轴瓦能够满足现场生产需要,减少了日常维护,提高了现场维护效率,为矿井的安全生产提供了有效保障。     

Lignin from Annual Plants as Raw Material Source for Flavors and Basic Chemicals

The enzymatic conversion of lignins, possibly in combination with electrochemical oxidation, makes aromatics such as syringol, guaiacol, vanillin and catechol available in the qualities required by the fragrance industry. The lignins were obtained by soda digestion from wheat straw and Miscanthus, characterized and then converted with laccases. The overall yield amounted up to 9 wt % with a product spectrum confined to four substances. Catechol was the major product, with a fraction of ≈75 %. It can easily be isolated by extraction with acetone.     

意大利Corefon涂料在中国的应用

分析意大利corefon涂料的特性,研究在不同铸件应用中的典型案例。结果表明,corefon涂料可以提升汽车发动机缸体缸盖内腔清洁度、解决工程液压阀体内腔油道粘砂烧结问题、提高增压器零部件涡轮涡壳气道光洁度。铁型覆膜砂外型喷涂corefon涂料后,浇铸的铸件表面光滑,无粘砂、无烧结,不需要人工打磨和特别抛丸处理。充分体现了corefon涂料在性能上的优越性,可以解决铸造厂铸件内腔粘砂、烧结、表面粗糙的问题。     

鄂尔多斯盆地东缘临兴区块煤系叠置含气系统及其兼容性

叠置含气系统及其兼容性是煤系多类型非常规天然气合采可行性判识基础。基于临兴区块地层压力、天然气地球化学及生产数据解译,划分了叠置独立含气系统,探讨了含气系统间兼容性。基于地层压力梯度差异认为目标层段至少存在7套独立含气系统;基于产层的天然气甲烷同位素差异,认为太2段、山2~山1段、盒8~盒6段、盒3段等4套层系互不连通;基于天然气生产曲线差异,识别出山西组与石盒子组为2套独立含气系统。综合将研究区自上而下划分为千1~千4段、千5段、盒1~4段、盒5~8段、山1~太1段、太1~太2、本1段及本2段等独立含气系统。提取了地层压力梯度、气层厚度、渗透率及可动水量等影响合采兼容性关键因素,采用最优分割分类方法,指出研究区含气系统兼容性最佳分类数为5~6类,千5段、盒1~4段、盒5~8段等3套叠置含气系统合采兼容性较好。     

Construction of a polynomial invariant annihilation attack of degree 7 for T-310

Abstract

Cryptographic attacks are typically constructed by black-box methods and combinations of simpler properties, for example in [Generalised] Linear Cryptanalysis. In this article, we work with a more recent white-box algebraic-constructive methodology. Polynomial invariant attacks on a block cipher are constructed explicitly through the study of the space of Boolean polynomials which does not have a unique factorisation and solving the so-called Fundamental Equation (FE). Some recent invariant attacks are quite symmetric and exhibit some sort of clear structure, or work only when the Boolean function is degenerate. As a proof of concept, we construct an attack where a highly irregular product of seven polynomials is an invariant for any number of rounds for T-310 under certain conditions on the long term key and for any key and any IV. A key feature of our attack is that it works for any Boolean function which satisfies a specific annihilation property. We evaluate very precisely the probability that our attack works when the Boolean function is chosen uniformly at random.     

土壤硝酸盐中15N同位素测定前处理自动化辅助装置设计和验证

随着稳定同位素质谱技术在土壤氮循环研究中的广泛应用,氮稳定同位素分析对样品前处理方法提出了更高要求,而合适的样品处理方法是确保分析结果准确可靠的关键。设计开发1种适用于土壤微量硝酸盐中氮稳定同位素分析前处理辅助装置,将基于光电感应装置的自动进样系统与注液、抽真空-气体置换系统相融合,将原前处理方法中液体试剂注入,反应体系抽真空及氦气置换等人为操作过程改为自动化处理环节。系统测试结果表明:该套辅助装置具有良好的自动抽真空、注气和加液重复性。装置抽真空系统的真空度绝对误差可控制在0.5 Pa以内,气体注入体积绝对误差可控制在0.2 mL以内,而注液系统的注液体积绝对误差也可控制在0.1 mL以内,变异系数(CV)均小于1%。使用标准参比样品测试整套系统的准确度和精密度,所有测试样品均获得了较好的准确度和精密度,CV<1%。研制的装置结合痕量气体预浓缩装置—稳定同位素质谱(PreCon-IRMS)联用仪,可以建立方便快捷的低样品量下硝酸盐中15 N同位素质谱检测方法,可为土壤氮循环过程研究提供关键技术支撑。